Calculus, also known as tartar, is a product of the minerals and plaque found in your saliva. It is a primary cause of gum diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.
Tartar causes the most problems when it forms below the gum line. It is hard and calcified; cleaning it is difficult. Regular dental check-ups include cleaning your teeth and removing tartar. This cleaning process, especially for tartar below the gum line, is done by scraping the teeth with instruments called scalers and curettes. This procedure can be uncomfortable and may cause your gums to bleed. Another method is the use of a vibration tool that helps in removing the tartar.